| 초록 |
In 1963, Michel Foucault(1926-1984) published Naissance de la Clinique which deals with historical conditions of the birth of the Clinic in the late 18th Century and the early 19th Century in Western Europe, through archeological and genealogical methodologies. In 1972, he published its 'revised' version which corresponds to the transition from the theory of comments of signifiant/signifie to that of discourse analysis. Foucault compares the writings of 1769 of a french doctor Pomme to those of 1825 of another french doctor Bayle. The difference between them is that between nosology following the model of botanical classification system and anatomo-clinical medicine following Bichat's vitalism which companies ironically with a certain kind of mortalism. In the clinical medicine, there is a trinity death-life-disease. Bichat made a corner stone for the modern clinical medicine by making death as a foundation for life and individuality. Broussais, a successor of Bichat, finally accomplished the long march of anatomo-clinical medicine by transforming the substantial idea of disease into a new idea of disease as defined by localization. Thus, new notions of life, vitalism, medicine and individuality had been set up firmly. That brought the birth of the clinic were, not isolated changes in the aspects of terms, notions or theories, but the epistemological field itself of the knowledges(savoir) which made them possible. |
