| 초록 |
연구의 필요성 Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and recurrent neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by biphasic mood episodes of mania or hypomania and depression (Grande et al. 2016). BD’s lifetime prevalence of is 2.4% (Merikangas et al. 2011), and BD patients have the highest suicidal rate, which is about 20 times higher than the general population (Gonda et al. 2012). Approximately one-third of patients will attempt suicide. Due to the high global burden of disease, many attempts in identifying the cause of BD were carried out (Vigo, Thornicroft, and Atun 2016). However, the exact cause is still unclear despite the high inheritability of BD. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in pathophysiology of BD, a proper disease modeling platform is necessary. Most studies related to brain disease have been performed by utilizing postmortem brain, live brain imaging, and animal behavioral data (O'Shea and McInnis 2016). Although the conventional approaches contain many advantages, some critical drawbacks exist. For example, the post mortem brain provides only the information of the endpoint, and the live brain imaging data leave out contributions of different cell types in the brain. Thus, a disease modeling platform that supports the caveat is necessary. Previous studies have shown that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of BD patients are suitable for disease modeling. BD patients’ iPSC-derived neurons displayed hyperexcitability and drug responsiveness that captured disease-relevant phenotypes (Stern et al. 2018; Mertens et al. 2015). In addition to neurons, iPSCs can be differentiated into other types of neural cells to investigate diseases' pathophysiology. However, most of the current studies utilizing iPSCs in BD focus on neurons. Investigation of non-neuronal cells (glial cells) may increase our knowledge about BD. (출처 : 본문 : 연구의 필요성 2p) |
